Monday, September 30, 2019

My First Day in School

Today also when I recall my old memories of school I become delighted and happy. First day of my school when I admitted in class I. When first time I entered in my school numerous felling were aroused in my mind and i was felling nervous and bit tensed. Although I was not a brilliant student not knowing even alphabets my teachers helped me in learning the alphabetsThat was the time when my first class began Manisha Ma’am entered in the class room every student stood up and greeted good morning Ma’am in return Ma’am replied very good morning sit down I also followed them Ma’am teaches us alphabets and how to use those alphabets in formulating the sentences and words then bell rang Ma’am went outside. Again next teacher entered in the class room and we stood up and greeted good morning Ma’am. Ma’am did not recognised my face as she had never seen me before in the class she immediately asked me the question very politely â€Å"Is this yo ur first class? I replied yes Ma’am then she asked my name I answered â€Å"Rashda Khanam† she said ok Rashda sit down her name was Priyanka very soft, polite and beautiful too. Again the bell rang this time nobody entered in the class room and every student went away along with their lunch box. My mother also gave me the lunch box filled with alu paratha and tomatao chutney. I opened the box and started eating, suddenly my one of my classmate again entered in the class room and said me very politely â€Å"why are you seating alone? come outside I went outside with her along with my lunch box and water bottle hanging in my neck, we all shared our lunch and I became friendly with everybody in the first day of my school, bell rang recess over every body were settled down at their respective places and waiting for the next teacher to come, within 5 mins miss Angilee entered in the class room and asked for the assignment she assigned previous day I found the teacher trict I was seating silently, miss wrote some arithmetics on the blackboard 45 mins passed bell rang every body came out from the class waited for their guardian at the door to come and took them. I saw my father was standing outside with chocolate ice-cream my favourite and then happily I reached my home and shared my first day experience with my parents. So this was my first day school and I am very pleased in recalling that day.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Project work on shampoo Essay

From this market survey, it can be concluded that nowadays consumers have become really conscious about the products they purchase. In the shampoo industry, during the old days the only thing the consumer used to keep in mind while purchasing was the brand name or else the person/celebrity who used to endorse it, but now things have changed. Consumers not only check the effectiveness but also the ingredients. Shampoo like Dove, Sunsilk, Garnier fructis, etc are very regular among the households and the main source is television advertisement, i. e. , the ads make the brands known among the mass and rest is on their usage. Swot analysis of Dove Strength Strong brand name/ image of the product Contains micro moisture serum which makes the hair soft and manageable. High quality product. The target market is educated professionals who belongs to premium and middle class Very good distribution network all over India. Weakness Competitors with strong promotional activities Customers are offered better alternatives due to the competitors. Poor promotion of free samples and sachets. Opportunities Population expanding at a rapid rate. Consumers are becoming more quality conscious. Costumer base is increasing with effective marketing. Baby shampoo is another area where they can make huge profits. Threats Political and economic factors. Partial government policies. High rate of competition. Local and global competition. Introduction to sunsilk Sunsilk is a hair care brand, primarily aimed at women, produced by the Unilever group, which is now considered the world’s leading company and brand in hair conditioning and the second largest in shampoo. Sunsilk is Unilever’s leading hair care brand, and ranks as one of the â€Å"billion dollar brands†. Sunsilk shampoos, conditioners and other hair care products are sold in 69 countries worldwide. Sunsilk is sold under a variety of different names in markets around the world including Elidor, Seda and Sedal. The brand is strongest in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East and is the number one hair care brand in Pakistan, India, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Thailand. Esteem Silk is not very high on esteem, enjoys third position with a 60 percentile. The reason probably could be seen more as mass product and lesser as a premium product. Shampoos like garnier are seen more as a premium product. Differentiation Sunsilk is second on differentiation with an 80 percentile. There are a variety of reasons due to which sunsilk enjoys differentiation. It does different things like a gang of girls, offers expertise of hair care, experts like Jawed Habib and Samantha Kochhar. Relevance Sunsilk brand is highest on relevance. This could an account of various reasons. Sunsilk is popular brand, a unilever product, used since many decades. It is a quality product at affordable price. Moreover, it has wide variety of variants to cater to different consumer preferences. The is relevant among wide masses because of its quality, affordability and constant innovation. Evolution on sunsilk Sunsilk was launched in the UK in 1954, and by 1959 it was available in 18 different countres worldwide. At the time, Sunsilk had an advantage over other shampoos in the market as it only needed one application, and so meant washing less natural oils from the hair. Sunsilk cream shampoo for dry hair was launched in 1956. In 1958, a new transparent polythene tube for the liquid shampoo was introduced as an alternative large size pack to the bottle. Sunsilk was also available in such tubes. In 1960, Sunsilk Tonic shampoo was launched, containing skin healing ingredient Allantoin – designed to help keep the scalp free from infection. In 1961, Sunsilk Liquid shampoo was re-launched to Sunsilk Beauty, because ‘Liquid’ in the name, originally used to distinguish the product from powdered shampoos had become meaningless as the majority of shampoos were now in liquid form. In 1962, Sunsilk was marketed as a range of shampoos for different hair types. Sunsilk significantly improved product formula and launched new variants in 1966: the first major shampoo to contain olive oil, which acted as conditioner to make hair soft and manageable; shampoo for dull hair, which restored hair’s natural shine; lemon shampoo for greasy hair with deep cleansing ingredients. Sunsilk hair spray was first launched in 1964 to enter an expanding hair-spray market, but in 1966 a new product formula was developed which gave hold, even in damp weather whilst still caring for hair. The hair spray contained a French perfume and could easily be removed by brushing or shampooing it out. In 1969, all Sunsilk shampoo was re-packaged in new PVC bottles, which were larger than traditional glass bottles for the same price. Sunsilk conditioner was launched in 1971 with three variants for dry, normal and greasy hair. In 1973, Sunsilk launched an aerosol dispensed setting lotion. An economy size shampoo bottle was introduced for Sunsilk in 1974. In 1975, Sunsilk became the biggest name in hair care with 1,000,000 packs being sold every week. In 1980, the whole Sunsilk range was re-launched, with improved formulations and packaging design to bring the brand into the 1980s. In 1985, Sunsilk styling mousse was launched and 2 years later a conditioning mousse followed. In 2001, Sunsilk moved into the hair colourant market for Asian-type dark hair, offering a range of seven permanent colours from natural black to copper with purple, red and gold tints. In 2003, Sunsilk launched a new range of shampoos and conditioners, which were developed to meet women’s hair needs and reflect the way women think about their hair. The fake institute (a trademark by Sedal) â€Å"Elida Hair Institute† developed the products in response to market research. Each product contained a unique formulation of ingredients, combining the best from natural and scientific worlds to help combat common hair problems. Milestones

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14YearOlds

[3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](existence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs. The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies. The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation advantages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImports The eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country’s resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emphasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter’s diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing. The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are necessary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity. Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14YearOlds [3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](existence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs. The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies. The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation advantages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImports The eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country’s resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emphasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter’s diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing. The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are necessary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Issues in crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Issues in crime - Essay Example They are directly not involved in the unscrupulous activity. (1) At this point, it also needs to be specifically highlighted that even employees are immensely benefited by corporate crimes, for their jobs are safeguarded along with getting promotions. To put the matter in a nutshell, the very livelihood of the employees becomes dependent on them being active participants in acts of corporate crime. (1) The motives for carrying out these acts (of corporate crime) vary from one case to the other. Yet, it has been seen that the following three are the primary objectives propelling all corporate crimes: A) To bring about both a rise in profits and also a drop in costs. B) To enable a rise in demand as well as a decline in competition. C) To exercise strong control over workers, markets and supplies. (1) Factors abetting corporate crimes It can conveniently be maintained that corporate crimes started to exist from the same time when commercial organizations first began their operations. I n the contemporary era, there has been a surge in instances of corporate crime, and there indeed are highly valid reasons behind that. The various features of a typical corporate organization have now become more complex than ever, and the conventional systems of internal control are now obsolete. Additionally, the rapid growth in information technology has ensured that the power now wielded by the corporate is without a precedent. This is so much so that the modern-day corporate organizations are making sure that they are in total control of their governance. (2) The biggest factor to which the growth in corporate crimes is attributable is inadequate corporate governance. Corporate governance encompasses various policies, procedures and laws, etc, which endeavor to make sure that persons employed in an organization are made accountable. As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, they (corporate organizations) are now fully empowered to govern themselves, with the related laws being n ot so stringent. This is more so when the corresponding scenario of the past is taken into consideration. As has been stated earlier, the existing systems are being rendered powerless in ensuring accountability of corporate organizations. In addition, since the recent past, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of commercial transactions of corporate organizations. This has made things even more difficult for the prevalent laws in preventing the crimes (corporate). Last but in no way the least, the lengthy formal procedures pertaining to the governance have just further compounded the issue. This is in the sense that, they (procedures) have transformed the scenario as being more conducive for carrying out corporate crimes. (2) Various surveys that have been carried out in the recent past point out to a highly disturbing fact. A substantial chunk of corporate crimes of the present-day era are those that have been perpetrated by the managements of huge business houses. At this juncture, it also has to be noted that the losses resulting from such acts are very huge, and thus exerting an adverse impact on the economy. (2) Seriousness of corporate crimes Corporate crime is more serious an issue that what it is actually considered to be, by many people. In this context, it needs to be

Thursday, September 26, 2019

One Legal Stop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

One Legal Stop - Essay Example Subsequent questioning reveals that the subjects are offering conflicting statements regarding their presence in the area, and the officers arrest the suspects for loitering and prowling. A search of the vehicle reveals that it contains stolen property from the robbery. Reasonable Suspicion. While police officers have no right to harass or detain citizens without probable cause, they do have broad latitude in deciding if individuals at a particular scene may be questioned when circumstances warrant a reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed. There are two things that contribute to a justifiable cause for reasonable suspicion; the actions taken by individuals when they see police officers and the areas in which they are located when they encounter law enforcement. When a person runs from the police while in a dangerous area, the officers have a duty to investigate. The United States Supreme Court has specifically stated that "mere flight is not enough to create 'reasonable suspicion,' but...when the flight is 'unprovoked' and can be shown to have taken place in a 'high crime area,'" an officer is justified in stopping and frisking the individual (Williams, 2000, p. 381). In fact, the Chief Justice wrote that "[h]eadlong flight-wherever i t occurs-is the consummate act of evasion: it is not necessarily indicative of wrongdoing, but it is certainly suggestive of such" (Williams, 2000, p. 381). In this case, the officers were patrolling a high-crime area after news of a robbery. When the four subjects saw the officers, they immediately got into their car and drove away. This act of evasion, combined with the location of the activity, gave the officers completely reasonable suspicion of the need to investigate further. Their pursuit of the individuals was proper and legal. Reasonable Officer Conduct. Police officers are vested with significant authority over citizens. With that power comes the responsibility to act lawfully and reasonably. When police officers act reasonably and in good faith, they have latitude in the evidence they discover. The law says that any evidence uncovered by an illegal search is not admissible in a court of law. The reason for this rule is to "deter unconstitutional police conduct" (Feinman, 2000, p. 315). It must be noted, however, that even if the police do conduct an unreasonable or unlawful search, the evidence they uncover is still useable in the prosecution of the suspect if the police believed they were acting lawfully. Feinman goes on to point out that when police officers find evidence "in a good faith belief that their acts are constitutionally permissible, the criminal process should not be denied the benefits of using the evidence" (2000, p. 315). Here, the police officers acted reasonably and appropriately. Havi ng encountered the suspects loitering in a high-crime area, then seeing them attempt to evade, the officers made a legal stop. During the course of speaking with the subjects, the officers attempted to discover the truth of why the suspects were in the area. As discussed below, the search of the suspect's

Five educational technologies that will most influence teaching, Essay

Five educational technologies that will most influence teaching, students, and the classroom environment over the next ten years - Essay Example For example in 2009, the private institutions enrolled 3.7 million students and spent $ 22,514 per student while the public schools enrolled 7.7 million students and spent $12, 812. There is thus a great variation between the colleges therefore, driving the need for change to the future of higher education. Jackson also noted that there were increasing costs in education and student debts which raised much concern over the future of these institutions.2 Furthermore, these institutions are expected to produce individuals with skills that are relevant in the job market. Since most students enroll in public institutions, there is need to effect changes in those institutions to ensure efficiency and productivity. Information technology in this case, if incorporated in schools can play a great role in delivering the much needed change. The high demand for incorporation of IT in schools has been necessitated by the many challenges faced by educational institutions in a dynamic global envir onment. First, there is increased need of expanding the content of the curriculum to cope with the demands placed on education by the society. Education is expected to deliver more content due to growth of knowledge. There has also been tremendous growth in reasoning and critical thinking skills hence IT is needed. Due to increased diversity of students, the traditional methods of learning are proving to be incapable of fulfilling learner’s needs besides being expensive.3 Changes in the methods of teaching and how students learn are therefore needed and the only solution is to make IT more central to teaching and learning processes. There are various IT technologies such as use of personal learning environments, tablet computing, use of mobile devices, game-based learning, online learning, user generated learning among others. The paper will concentrate on the five educational technologies that will hold the most influence on teaching, students and the classroom environment o ver the next ten years which comprise of: learning centered design, user generated content, mobile devices, tablet computing and game-based learning. Education in the United States is based on a comprehensive system of elementary, secondary and higher education. Children below five years are enrolled in preschools after which they proceed to elementary school at age 5-7 to age 11-13. Secondary education begins at age 9-12 after which those who graduate proceed to graduate schools. The education system is decentralized hence the schools have a greater role in decision making process rather than relying on the state. It also means that the service providers have to ensure high quality education as they are held accountable by the parents as well the government.4 The U.S education system is dependent on the economic resources hence in case of economic downturns the impact on education is great leading to low enrolment levels and increased drop out rates. This is especially so for racia l groups and the minority groups who have less chances of enrolling in secondary schools.5 The secondary schools are divided into parochial, private, and public schools. The parochial schools are owned and funded by religious entities while private schools are owned and funded by private individuals or organizations. The public schools on the other hand, are funded by

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

8 Week Forum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

8 Week Forum - Assignment Example In many societies, teenage pregnancy is a social problem. Most girls drop out of school due to pregnancies. Research shows that over 45% of teenagers in grade 9 to 12 engage in sex. Teen pregnancies are associated with low birth weight, premature labour and anaemia among other complications. In some societies, teenage pregnancy results to social stigma. Teenage girls get pregnant due to lack of knowledge about contraceptives and other safety measures. Sex education turns young people into sexually knowledgeable and responsible individuals (Stevens). STDs are illnesses, which are contracted through sexual activities. They can be contracted through oral sex, anal sex, and vaginal intercourse. In the USA, over 15 million cases are reported annually. Most teenagers are vulnerable to STDs due to lack of information. Some of the common STDs include herpes, syphilis, scabies, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B, HIV, and Chlamydia among others. These diseases can lead to an ectopic pregnancy and death if left untreated. Sex education is more likely to reduce the cases of STDs among young adults and teenagers. Research shows that societies with extensive sex education tend to record low cases of STDs among the young people. In sex education, teenagers are taught about dangerous of engaging in unprotected sex and other unsafe sexual practices. Teenagers need to access sex education in order to make healthy, loving, and intelligent decisions in their lives (Cotney).† The excerpt above is one of my greatest accomplishments in class. This is because I managed to incorporate all the skills I have learnt in class in writing an essay. First, in the first paragraph, I managed to focus on introducing my topics. This played a significant role in capturing the attention of the reader as well as stating the issue to be addressed in the body of the essay. Moreover, I managed to highlight the issues raised by dissenting voices on the topic. On

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Book Review - Essay Example Obama’s political position on many different subjects such as war in Iraq to health care and education. After reading this book I really appreciate the author because he was eloquent and seemed thoughtful. Mr. Obama has an inviting and warm way of communication which shows him as an agent of change in the history of American politics. The writing style of this book is really good but it seems a bit too earnest for political correctness in America. The author presents his faith and values in such a way that is far more comfortable than many other political contemporaries. In this book Mr. Obama does a good job of describing how and why his values cause him to act and think in the way that he does. In my point of view if even someone doesn’t agrees to his plans and policies but will respect his commitment to change and energy of the author. I take issue with the author’s actual policies like health care which may seems great but it will lead to decreased choice and quality for most of the fellow Americans and issues like budget deficits and soaring taxes but I do agree with his policy that our country must overcome the addiction of foreign oil. I also agree on the point that more emphasis required for upholding traditional values and strengthening families. Mr. Obama’s opposition for many different reasonable remedies is really curious. The most important point was the emphasis on finding the root causes of poverty in the world and in our country and we should focus on dangerous issue like teen pregnancy. There are many expressed ideas of Mr. Obama that cannot be aligned with the ridiculous and radical statement of the senator’s pastor, who was the man that inspired the title of this book. In my point of view whether someone is liberal or conservative this book is a great source of information and it gives a great insight into the most significant

Monday, September 23, 2019

The Hound of the Baskervilles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hound of the Baskervilles - Term Paper Example The tone of this story varies considerably. Imagery and choice of words otherwise called diction have been employed to bring out the tones of the novel. A fearful tone prevails throughout the story. Dr Watson in his first report states that they are four strong men who are in a position to protect themselves in case of anything but confesses that he fears for the Stepletons who would be helpless in case of any attack. Watson and Sir Henry had expressed concern and even suggested that Perkins could go and sleep there to offer them protection but the Stepletons turned down the offer. Characters in the story harbor a deep fear for the huge black hound-like beast. This is shown by the way the narrator describes the reaction of the characters whenever they come into contact with the beast. Doyle writes: â€Å"So paralyzed were we by the apparition that we allowed him to pass before we had recovered †¦ Henry †¦ hands raised in horror, glaring helplessly at the frightful thing wh ich was hunting him down† (264). Beast is a highly scaring creature, thus this image creates a fearful tone. The story starts in a patronizing tone. When Dr Watson and Mrs. Sherlock Holmes finds James Mortimer’s club in the Holmes’ house Mrs. Sherlock says: â€Å"†¦ been in the habit of carrying this stick behind his master.

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Traditional versus Modern Essay Example for Free

Traditional versus Modern Essay Moral philosophy or ethics is about the individual’s concept or system of right and wrong behavior which becomes his foundation or basis of moral judgment and decisions. Two kinds of ethics which differs in moral judgment are traditional and modern ethics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditional ethics emerge from the religious beliefs of what is morally right and wrong plus some concepts from the early philosophers such as Aristotle, Kant, Mill, Moore, Hume, and many others. The philosophers explained virtues and truths according to what is good and bad. Moreover, the birth and domination of Christianity, the law or concept of ethics (divine law) was about what â€Å"is† right or wrong doings (murder, theft, etc). However, some philosophers like Sidgwick constructed a system according to intention of the individual. Modern ethics is more of the â€Å"reason† or â€Å"motive† of the doer whether it is for the good of many people or for just a few ones that pushed him to do the said unjust behavior. That is why there is a term today as â€Å"legally wrong, but morally right†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditional and modern ethics should not be necessarily considered as different ideas and beliefs that are contrasting each other. Modified traditional ethics can be considered as modern ethics since most of the morals today came from religious beliefs and early philosophies as respected by almost all cultures (specifically the Ten Commandments). Traditional ethics greatly affected our foundation of what is right and wrong or responsibility, which also became the basis of our cultural norms. But, as time passes by, people started to look closer to the different sides of the story that makes us consider the reasons or intentions behind an action that we later decide whether it is wrong or right. For example, when person steal a medicine for his dying mother because he has no enough money to buy it for her, in term of traditional ethics, the person committed a crime. But in terms of modern ethics, he is morally not guilty since he did it to save his mother’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Religion and theology became the foundations of traditional ethics of responsibility and helped it its developments. Modern ethics became more independent from religious views but is still greatly influenced by traditional beliefs as cultural norms were adapted from it which helps a person’s system of judgment. References Moore-Bruder. (2006). Moral and Political Philosophy. Philosophy: The Power of Ideas, Sixth Edition.   The McGraw-Hill Companies.   [Electronic Version

Friday, September 20, 2019

Problems of Syntax

Problems of Syntax If generative grammar focuses on establishing rules: The underlying thesis of generative grammar is that sentencesare generated by a subconscious set of procedures (like computer programs).These procedures are part of our minds (or of our cognitive abilitiesif you prefer). The goal of syntactic theory is to model these procedures.In other words, we are trying to figure out what we subconsciously knowabout the syntax of our language.In generative grammar, the means for modeling these procedures isthrough a set of formal grammatical rules (Carnie, 2012) Cognitive linguistics combines its theory of syntax with itstheory of motivation. The theory of motivation transpires useful for the cognitiveapproach, since its account of radial categories leads to the conclusion that moreperipheral subcategories are neither computable or derivational (in the Chomskyansense) from the central category nor completely arbitrary (in the de Saussurian sense).Lakoff (1987) offers a syntactic analysis with a view to demonstrating that radialcategories are also to be found in the domain of syntax and that they, similarly to theones in lexicon, motivate correspondences between form and meaning. Thus, in the thirdcase study of his monumental Women, Fire and Dangerous Things,Lakoff endeavors to show that the generative view of grammar is unsatisfactory, as itfails to observe that the meaning of many grammatical constructions motivates theirlinguistic form so that syntactic structures are very often motivated by the structure ofcognitive models. As there is no point in relating Lakoffs meticulous analyses, suffice itto say that he offers a theory of syntax in which syntactic categories are semanticallymotivated and grammatical constructions possess meanings. His conclusion is that thecentral syntactic categories can be predicted from the semantic conditions, while thenoncentral syntactic subcategories are motivated extensions of central categories. Whatis crucial is that in neither way can syntactic categories be viewed as autonomous in thegenerative sense. When protesting against the exaggerated arbitrariness of every linguistic sign andagainst the generative view of grammar, cognitive linguistics postulates also theprinciple of iconic sequencing. If, after Sweetser (1990),we compare sentences such as Iread books and newspapers versus I read a book and went to bed, we can observe thatthe usage of and in both sentences is quite different. In the former sentence, the usage ofand is symmetric, since we can freely change the conjuncts and the meaning does notchange with the reversal of conjuncts, whereas the latter sentence exhibits an asymmetricuse of and, since a change in the order does change our interpretation of the events.Sweetser (1990) explains that such an asymmetricality is due to the iconicconventions of narrative word-order. While the sequence of the two clauses reflects thesequence of the events in this sense that the first clause is interpreted as temporally priorto the second, it is important to notice that the conjunction and does not convey anyinformation about the order of events: the sequence of events is simply reflected by thelinearity of the clauses. If we now compare sentences such as He opened the door andentered the house and *He entered the house and opened the door, we can conclude thatthe former sentence is acceptable, since the sequence of the clauses reflects thechronological order of events, whereas the latter sentence is hardly acceptable preciselyfor this reason that the chronological order of events has been violated. As Ungerer andSchmid observe such sentences are unacceptable because the order in which theclauses are arranged violates the principle of iconic sequencing (1996:251). From thepoint of view of cognitive critique of generative grammar, the following issues should bepointed out. Firstly, it is crucial to notice that the unacceptability of the latter sentencecannot be explained by reference to the clause patterns and the rules of syntax alone.Secondly, the phenomenon of i conicity confirms our earlier suggestion thatextensionality should be seen as rather untypical of natural languages. Finally, cognitiveanalyses of iconicity corroborate the thesis that meaning and grammar interface, asgrammar transpires to be an image. Inasmuch as syntax rules, within generative linguistics, are independent of semanticsand pragmatics, generative grammar runs counter to natural intuitions with itsimplications that natural language consists of uninterpreted symbols and, consequently,its primary function must be production of sequences of uninterpreted sounds rather thancommunication. This is clear already in Syntactic structures were Chomsky declares we were studying language as an instrument or tool, attempting to describe itsstructure with no explicit reference to the way in which this instrument is put touse (1957:103). Generative grammar makes two important divisions: firstly, it differentiates betweenacceptability and grammaticality and, secondly, it differentiates between semantics andpragmatics (cf. e.g. Chomsky 1965:11 sqq.). With regard to the first division, it has to besaid that when differentiating between acceptability and grammaticality of sentences,generative grammar relegates the former to the sphere of performance, while the latter isgenerated by the syntax. This differentiation results in the opposition between sentencesand utterances: sentences are identified with competence and belong to grammar whichis viewed as an algorithm generating a set of sentences, whereas utterances are relegatedto performance, as they are seen as particular and contingent instances of sentences.With regard to the second division, it has to be said that when differentiating betweensemantics and pragmatics, generative grammar deems semantics to be far important, as itdeals with the meaning of sentence that i s to be objective, i.e. independent of speakersintensions and capable of correctly corresponding to the external world. Pragmatics,which deals with how speakers use sentences, is clearly separated from semantics andrelegated to a role of secondary importance. Needless to say, the primacy of semanticsover pragmatics stems from the assumption that it is semantics that concerns itself withthe objective relations between language and the external world. On discovering that syntactic categories and grammatical relations are notautonomous, but dependent of meaning and use, cognitive grammar repudiates the ideaof an autonomous syntax and maintains that many a syntactic analysis is incompleteunless supplied with semantic and pragmatic analyses. Inasmuch as it is not onlyacceptability but also grammaticality that is determined by the context, meaning and use,cognitive linguistics departs from the generative enterprise in its assumption that theorder in which component structures are integrated into composite structure (i.e. theconstituency in Langackers terminology) is flexible and variable, while in generativegrammar it is always fixed and invariable. Langacker demonstrates that special (e.g.communicative) circumstances can exert profound impact on the constituency and,consequently, change it in a way that cognitive linguistics can explain much better thangenerative grammar. As an example Langacker gives the sentence: This target / thea rrow hit / (but not that one), explaining that  the canonical NP + VP organization is readily suspended when communicativefactors favor isolating the direct object as a separate major constituent(1987:319). Accordingly, Langacker demonstrates that semantics must not be seen asautonomous not only at the level of the internal structure of the word meaning but also atthe level of sentence semantics. Similarly, Lakoff offers a thorough analysis which shows that the rules forcombining clauses must be accounted for on semantic and pragmatic grounds. Thescholars analyses lead to conclusion that syntax cannot be viewed as autonomous andtransformations cannot explain all relationships among grammatical constructions, sinceone can make better predictions with regard to the syntactic behavior of a construction, ifone does not disregard its semantic and pragmatic constraints. Thus, Lakoff shows(1987:475) that the transformational approach cannot explain why rhetorical questionssuch as Who would like to live here? can be combined with because-clauses (I amselling my apartment, because who would like to live here) and why a true question suchas Which apartment would you like to buy? cannot (*I am selling my apartment,because which apartment would you like to buy). Lakoff offers an interestingexplanation: rhetorical questions are in fact statements (I am selling my apartment,because no one would like to live here), whereas true questions are requests forinformation (cf. also Lakoff Johnson 1999:485)9. His generalization is based onconditions that are not only syntactic but also semantic (the clauses offer justification)and pragmatic (the syntactic constructions function as statements). In view of this,Lakoff shows that, contrary to the autonomous syntax hypothesis, many a syntacticphenomenon must be understood with reference to its semantics and pragmatics.Moreover, as the example demonstrates there is no clear-cut syntactic rule whichprecludes the possibility of a question being combined with a because-clause, it becomesevident that one must take into consideration the so called performative functions ofspeech acts. As a result, Lakoff arrives at the conclusion that if a question is in fact astatement, then it can be combined with because-clauses and if it is not, then it cannot.Consequently, semantics proves to be hardly autonomous at the level of syntax, sinceever y analysis conducted at the level of sentence semantics must also includepragmatics. In the final analysis, Lakoff shows that when it comes to the study of syntaxeven the absolutely fundamental distinction between subordinate and coordinate clausescan under certain circumstances be suspended, since  clauses expressing a reason allow speech act constructions that conveystatements, and the content of the statement equals the reason expressed(1987:480). Inasmuch as Lakoffs bases his analysis on the illocutionary forces of grammaticalconstructions, he incorporates semantic and pragmatic conditions into the study ofsyntax and, thereby, formulates a generalization about syntax in semantic and pragmaticterms which generative grammar, being founded on the dogma of the autonomy ofsyntax, can by no means formulate. Having concisely (and needles to say -superficially) dealt with the cognitive account of such linguistic phenomena asmetaphors, constructions, motivation, iconicity and performative functions of speechacts, we can attempt succinctly to present the most important consequences of thecognitive approach.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

deviance :: essays research papers

SUMMARY OF DEVIANCE In the eighth chapter of â€Å"Sociology†, I. Robertson explains that there are many definitions about deviance but not enough, so he tries to find closer one and clarify the deviance. He starts with a question which is â€Å"who is deviant?† and lists of its answers.In the list of its answers, Robertson benefits from Simons` study and he says that; â€Å"the words refer to people and acts that other people strongly disapprove of †(23).On the other hand, Robertson then counters it with conflicting topic of sociological literature.He claims that the concept of this definition is found slippery one by sociologists.After this idea,Robertson questions second definition which is â€Å"dviance is any behavior that doesn`t conform to social norms†(24).However, Robertson judges this definiton as not helpful.He exemplifies that eating three meals in a day can be deviant behavior for some unimportant social norms.Therefore, Robertson argues that minor deviations are n`t included in the particular sociological interest.He claims that the main idea of sociological interest is about violations which are regarded as offensive by majority of people. And he says that one word is stigma – a bad reputation or disapproving by a lot of people. After this analysis, he benefits from second definition and improves it, so he finally declares a definition, which is â€Å"deviance refers to behavior or characteristics that violate significant social norms and expectations and are negatively valued by large numbers of people as a result†(24). He emphasizes that this definition clarifies deviance more than others. He continues with clarification of deviance by helping of main three points. Firstly, he claims that there is no close relationship between deviance and statistical rarity. He exemplifies that jogging before the breakfast can be unusual statistically but not a reason for deviance. However, Robertson then states that some norms can be modified or abandoned time to time. He makes clear it with an example that premarital sex was prohibited in American society several years ago. However, nowadays the majority of American society admits this event normally. As a result, Robertson declares firmly that norms can lose their force or influence as time passes. Secondly, Robertson argues about division of â€Å"normals† and â€Å"deviants†. He explains briefly that there is no class between normals and deviants. He illustrates that if we divide people as thieves, patients (mental disordered) or drug users, we will have a few â€Å"normal† people. In addition to them, Robert son says, â€Å"deviance is relative†(25).

Microscopic Boundary Examination :: essays research papers

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF METALS In this experiment, our aim is examining the microstructure of metals. By studying microscopic structures of metals, we determine which material fits best to a given application. We used the most common method, optical technique, to examine the microstructure. We used a small specimen cut from the metal to be examined. To be able to see the structure clearly, we first cleaned and polished the specimen. First we start polishing with emery paper no: 1 and some finer grades. One should be careful about the coarse abrasive particles and striations from them. Cleaning and rotating the specimen 90Â ° during the transfer can prevent these. The next step is polishing, yet washing the sample before polishing gives a more successful result. Finally, we polished the specimen on a rotating cloth covered with an effective abrasive like Al2O3-Water suspension. We kept polishing until we obtained a mirror like face. After we finished polishing, the crystalline structure of the specimen, any cracks, seams, non-metallic inclusions and inhomogenities, could be revealed. Before start etching we first applied mounting process. In this step we used a matched die set. We placed our sample into the die set in the way that the rough face of the specimen was the lower surface and the polished face looked upward. We filled the die cavity with Bakelite and then we transferred our die to a mounpress. Mounting not only protects our sample but also by making its base flat and stable helps us while we are examining the sample under the microscope. In etching process, depending upon chemical composition, energy content and grain orientation, we determine the grain boundaries and the presence of chemically different phases. To reveal these micro structural details of the polished mount we used an etchant like 1% Nital.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Sociology of Racial and Cultural Groups Essay -- Sociology Racism Prej

We live in a culturally diverse society where there are many differences among various racial and ethnic groups. When these different groups come into contact with one another they interact in many different ways. Prejudice and discrimination are key factors in understanding intergroup relationships. Competition, religious ideas, fear of strangers and nationalism are elements that contribute to prejudice. Many expressions of negative prejudicial attitudes, stereotyping and discriminatory behavior can have negative impact on the social relationships between dominant and minority groups. Many prejudices are passed along from child to parent and the influence of television and movies perpetuate demeaning portrayals about specific groups. Although prejudice continues to flourish, education plays an import role in combating prejudice and racism by providing courses and programs that help to recognize the distinction between various ethnic groups and develop an appreciation of these cul tural differences. The word prejudice is derived from the Latin word " praejudicium" and refers to prejudging without any factual evidence. Being prejudiced usually means having preconceived beliefs about groups of people or cultural practices. Discrimination is the "differential and unequal treatment of other groups of people, usually along racial, religious or ethnic lines." The distinction is that prejudice then refers to people's attitudes and beliefs, and discrimination to their overt behavior directed at another group. (Parrillo 76) Prejudices shape our perceptions of various people and influence our attitudes and actions toward particular groups and prejudicial attitudes that are negative often lead to hostile relations between domi... ...and appreciate the cultural values and be tolerant of diversity. Changes in the law have also helped to alter some prejudicial attitudes. REFERENCES >>Chang, Mitchell. "Measuring the Impact of a Diversity Requirement on Students' Level of Racial Prejudice" Retrieved September 19, 2014 (http://www.diversityweb.org/Digest/W00/research2.html) >>Dugan, Maire A. "Prejudice" (Retrieved September 15, 2014 (http://www.beyondintractability.org/m/prejudice.jsp) >>Parrillo, Vincent J. 2003. Strangers to These Shores. New York: Allyn and Bacon. >>Sandhu, Daya Singh and Sherlton Pack Brown. 1996. " Empowering ethnically and racially diverse clients through prejudice reduction." Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development"

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Face to Face Communication Versus Computer Mediated Communication

Face to Face Communication versus Computer Mediated Communication In the 21st century we are now living in, the rapid advancement of technology has completely changed our lives, especially the tools we use to communicate. In the olden days where snail mail is one of the popular ways in communicating, people would rather choose interact face to face because it is the only way that could physically maintain their relationship as they can see the facial expressions and body gestures shown by the person who conveys the message to them.Even now, some people still prefer face to face interaction over computer mediated communication because of the lack of non verbal cues in computer mediated communication. However, with the invention of various computer mediated tools, people have eventually replaced it with face to face communication without them realizing because apparently the inventions of Facebook, Twitter, Skype and many more serve a more convenient platform for people to communicate. Windows 7 Check Your UnderstandingAlthough face to face communication is a better way to convey messages and feelings to each other, computer mediated communication makes our lives much easier. The first difference that distinguishes between computer mediated communication and face to face communication is the effectiveness. Nowadays, most of us are very much depending on various social networking sites, for example the most common one- Facebook and Skype to enable us to communicate with people living on the other side of the world and even those who live close by.Using computer mediated communication for the purposes of interpersonal communication is a common tool for those who live a long distance away from one another, however multiple studies also show that computer mediated communication is used to communicate with those who live close by or even among family members who live in the same household (Stafford, Kine. & Dimmick, 1999, Wellman 2008). Besides that, computer mediated communication is effective in divergent tasks such as idea generation.Computer mediated communication tools, also known as the group support system (GSS), provide a structured environment that allows participants in a collaborative team to interact simultaneously and anonymously to generate ideas, make decisions and solve problems (Jessup, Canolly & Tansik 1990). The reason why computer mediated communication is good in idea generation but not in decision making is that the process of interacting through computer mediated communication might hinder the relationship between the sender and receiver due to the lack of non-verbal feedback and this will probably delay in decision making.The lack of non-verbal cues makes accurate perception of emotions difficult and receivers may attribute more neutral or negative meanings to messages than senders instead. Computer mediated communication lack of cues and that affect the content of the messages cannot be transmitted effectively and that ch annel is unnatural and less useful and efficient than face to face communication (Draft & Lengel, 1986; Kock, 2004; Kock, et. al 2008). By missing the cues, one will not be able to fully understand what the other party is trying to communicate.Apart from that, face to face communication is inconvenient for some people who stay far or overseas to interact face to face with the party they wish to see. They will need to travel a long distance to reach the other party who they want to convey the message to. However, it is effective in convergent tasks such as decision making. Face to face groups are better at decision making than computer mediated communication groups because they can more easily reach a consensus at the same time using immediate verbal and non-verbal feedback (Archee, 1993).Face to face discussion is faster and the feedback facilitated contain both visual and audio cues compared to the slow computer mediated groups due to the lack of non-verbal feedback and the occurri ng of uncertainty at others’ reaction towards their opinions. Face to face remains the most powerful human interaction, never replace intimacy and immediacy of people conversing in the same room (Begley, 2004). In addition, computer mediated communication and face to face communication provide different communication speed to people.In computer mediated communication, the message delivery is faster by just sending email or just typing inbox message. The speed and ease of typing reduce the time taken in computer mediated interactions and ease the pressure on group members. As a result, the message might fail to deliver to the recipient. When the message is failed to deliver and users cannot depend on non-verbal cues, there is a higher chance that the ambiguity will increase, thus creating opportunity for miscommunication.Therefore, it is not a good idea to send urgent messages through computer mediated communication because sometime the receiver might not check his/ her mail f requently or the internet happens to be down will lead to miscommunication. Whereas for face to face communication, people need to arrange time to meet up with the person whom they want to convey the message to. This will actually delay the time for the meeting if they couldn’t find a suitable time to match with each other’s schedule. The receivers can instant feedback with clear verbal and non-verbal cues.Face to face communication allows participants to accurately observe both verbal and non-verbal of others. Subtle but important nuances such as voice inflections, hand gestures and facial expressions just don’t come across in an email message (McFerran, 2010). People will receive the feedback from the receiver on the spot without waiting for days and months. This is also enables the participants to adjust their communication according to the feedback. There is also a big difference in the cost aspect between face to face communication and computer mediated com munication.People save the cost and effort of travelling and gathering everyone in the same place at the same time. They can contact each other by using computer mediated programs such as Skype, Facebook, Twitter and so on. Skype is also one of the computer mediated programs that allows face to face communication by using the webcam function. People can see each other and interact by using the application of Skype. Therefore, those who stay far away from each other and wish to have face to face interaction, they can communicate using Skype which provides both interaction in one shot.Moreover, computer mediated communication has also become one of the most cost effective ways of conducting businesses such as online boutique, online shopping store, online booking and so on. This enables those online companies to save the monthly fees such as rental fees, the salary for employees, water and electricity bills and so on. Additionally, customers can also order or comment about the service s or products of those online companies via email. This is convenient for both the customers and also the companies as the companies will know the feedback provided by the customers by just checking their mailbox.For instance, the company can save the travelling cost for business purpose as they can reply their customers’ feedback through email. This shows that implementing computer mediated communication systems in organization will mainly enhance the efficiency and cost. Besides, it is costly for those people who want to travel to a certain place if they want to meet with his or her friends, family or even relatives. It requires expensive higher cost of travelling fees such as bus ticket , taxi fees, airline ticket and so on especially during those important festivals or celebrations.Furthermore, this is also time consuming and causing the person to be exhausted throughout the long journey if he or she stays far away from the destination. Also, the person who conducts the b usiness using face to face communication will need to pay for the business travelling fees. According to the report by Harvard Business Review Analytic Services, most of the people reported their companies have instituted business travel restrictions, including limitations on the frequency of travel (57%), on the cost of airline tickets (57%) and in accommodation (51%).This shows that face to face communication causes a large amount of cost for the business travelling and that’s the reason why the company implements this kind of restriction. Nevertheless, face to face communication even causes people to spend the cost more the actual amount they have to pay to. For example, if there is something missed out during the gathering or meeting, the person must travel to meet up again and this requires cost and time. This might caused a big impact if that is an important issues missed out during the meeting with the client from other country who carries an important business for the company.Also, the most important is it is hard to arrange the time to meet up as it is hard to match with each other’s schedule. The business cannot conduct smoothly and it will indirectly affect the performance of the company. In a nutshell, face to face interaction and computer mediated communication have their own benefits and majority of the people has known it. However, undoubtedly, computer mediated communication has already replaced face to face interaction without anybody realizing and it’s the most convenient tool to communicate with each other.Although it is hard to deny that face to face is also an alternative way for human’s communication, computer mediated communication has becoming more and more powerful and yet to be the major tool for our communication purpose. That’s why people nowadays often communicate using computer mediated communication which is an easiest way to stay connected with each other no matter who come from different part of the world. References: An,Y-J. & Frick, T. (2006). Student perceptions of asynchronous computer-mediated communication in face-to-face courses.Journal of computer-mediated communication. Vol. 11 (2) Bordia,P. (1997, January). Face-to-face Versus Computer-Mediated Communication: A Synthesis of the Experimental Literature. Journal of Business Communication. Vol. 34 (1) Lee. C. (2010). Face-to-face Versus Computer-mediated Communication: Exploring Employees’ Preference of Effective Employee Communication Channel. International Journal for the Advancement of Science & Arts. Vol. 1 (2) Mc. Ferran. J (2010, November 12). Face to Face Communication Still Best Way to Get Job Done.In Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved February 25,2013, from http://www. winnipegfreepress. com/business/face-to-face-communication-still-best-way-to-get-job-done-111714554. html Managing Across Distance in Today’s Economic Climate: The value of face-to-face communication. In Harvard Business Review. R etrieved February 25, 2013. From http://hbr. org/hbr-main/resources/pdfs/marketing/15426_HBRAS_BA_Report. pdf Perry, M. (2010, April). Face-to-face Versus Computer Mediated Communication: Couples Satisfaction and Experience Across Conditions ( Master’s Thesis)

Monday, September 16, 2019

Mongolian Effects on Russia and China

In the years between 1100 and 1400 the Mongol empire stretched the farthest of any empire throughout history. Within the massive land under Mongol rule laid the lands of China and Russia. The Mongols knew how to maintain their empire but had different ways of doing it in each part. This lead to the separate, divergent ways of governing the two lands. In China and Russia, the Mongol era brought an immense change in political and economical power. In China, political impact from the Mongols came off much stricter than it did in Russia.The leader of the Mongolians, Kublai Khan guided the Mongols to conquer the Southern Song dynasty. Even though the Mongols had ruled territories, which included modern day northern China for many years, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially accepted a traditional Chinese style. When Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty, he practically conquered all of China. The Chinese weren’t as politically free as the Russians. For example Chines e were not allowed to inter-marry. He also banned Chinese scholars from learning Mongolian script and kept the two militaries separate.Mongol political control in Russia was different than China. One could argue that Mongolia was slightly â€Å"looser† with the Russian government. The Russians were aloud a grand prince to lead under Mongolian power but they were forced to pay tribute. Not only did the Mongol rule have a huge effect on the politics of China and Russia but the economy was affected as well. During the Mongolian rule, the China became a heart of trade for the Eastern world. This gave the Mongols complete control of the Silk Road. China had things that so many other places in the world wanted such as silk and porcelain.With a high demand for these Chinese goods the jobs were created, trade flourished, and the Mongolians highly benefited from the booming economy in China. The Mongols had a very different effect on the Russian economy than the Chinese economy. The M ongols caused the Russian economy to crash, which made Russia restart all of its agricultural affairs. This forced Russia to rely generally on peasant labor. Paper money was also being made which caused major inflation. Instead of becoming a hot spot for trade, Russia became weaker do to the economic Mongol torture.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

How great is gatsby?

The term ‘Great' can be Interpreted in a variety of ways. Fitzgerald doesn't mention the word great in his book. ‘The Great Gatsby apart from In the title; this Incredibly short title shows a lot of meaning behind the character of Gatsby. It could be Ironic, mysterious or an ode to Gatsby himself. However the title could be alluding to Gatsby great heart or love with Daisy The name ‘Great Gatsby Immediately Invokes the thought of a showman or a magician, especially with the' in the title.The simple and humble beginnings of Jimmy Gate were almost miraculously transformed into he lavish lifestyle that Gatsby thought was his destiny. In this respect Jimmy Gate is the ‘Great Gatsby' his whole life is an illusion that he conjured up to change his life completely. However there are holes in the lifestyle he created compared to the way he acted, especially during his extravagant parties, he never fully mastered the role of host, he didn't talk to all the guests inste ad he tended to skulk and hope that Daisy would appear from across the lake.There are major problems with Gatsby decision to obliterate his past life, namely he no longer feels completely comfortable In myself. This means that he can't be considered a great man within society. In the sass a Great man was considered to know everyone, throw lavish parties and be successful. This was Gatsby to an extent, he was able to manipulate the law through his connections to keep him out of trouble, he threw spectacular parties and he can be considered successful. However he could no longer connect with people, even with Daisy he often lost his nerve and ability to speak to her.Nick has to make him talk to Daisy the first time they meet again you're acting like a little boy†¦. Not only that UT you're being rude'. This is again a sign that Gatsby isn't naturally a socialite; he wasn't brought up with money and didn't attend parties so he doesn't know how to host or to make small talk. He's th erefore not a Great socialite man. He manages to reinvent himself, through his sudden increase In money, his friendship with Mr.. Dan Cody and his need to be with Daisy; this Is what makes him great in Nick Caraways eyes.Nick admires Gatsby to the extent that he's amazed at the life Gatsby has managed to attain purely for the love of a girl, Daisy. However Nick believes that Gatsby love was misplaced, he believed that the Daisy that Gatsby had desired and dreamed about, had been romanticists so heavily by Gatsby, that the real Daisy could no longer fulfill Gatsby dream of her. In Gatsby mind Daisy is a dream that he is striving to achieve, he tries desperately to get close to her. When he finally buys the house across the lake from her, he sees the green light.This light is his hope for the future and the thing that makes him want to fight harder to become the Great man that Daisy deserves. When Daisy finally gets to his house the green light is no longer kibbles and the dream Is sh attered. This is where Gatsby greatness fails; in Gatsby mind Daisy was supposed to leave her husband and run away with him, live In the house he built for her and starts their lives again but Daisy couldn't satisfy this dream. HIS misplaced faith In this dream life with Daisy was Gatsby ultimate downfall.Gatsby was In some respects the noble denotation of ‘Great' he was successful and self-sacrificing purely for Daisy, he showed some aspects of heroic wanted. However the majority of the heroic actions were done out of selfish intent, ND Gatsby failure to accept that the girl he loved had moved on. Yet he carried on trying to make everything the way he wanted, he ended up getting so caught up in his own warped version of their life together instead of saving Daisy he ended up making her run away.He may have done everything out of love but the outcome was a warped tragedy. The connotations associated with a ‘Great man' are incredibly varied; Gatsby certainly was not a goo d man so it's questionable if he can be considered great. His amorality is a very important part of the book because it is set n the sass's hypocritical society. Gatsby was the source of gossip and scandal. People would go to his parties, drink his illegal alcohol and Judge his illegality and suspect him of having connections with the Kaiser.The rumors circulating may not have all been true but a fair few were accurate, Gatsby made his money through bootlegging, this doesn't make him a good person. Throughout the book there is the omniscient poster of TX Cocklebur, therefore it's very possible that although Gatsby suffered retribution for a crime he didn't commit, he perhaps suffered it for one of is many other crimes. In Conclusion, Jay Gatsby was a Great Illusionist and liar but not a Great man.He created a life that changed his morals and Judgments so he could please an idealized girl who he hadn't seen for 5 years. Although he may have had the best intentions to start with they were only centered on his own happiness and then refused to accept that Daisy could have moved on. The Great Gatsby ended up almost breaking up a marriage, causing severe heartbreak to the people he loved, and implemented the events that led to his own unnecessary downfall.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

David Hume- Aesthetics

David Hume is one of the most significant thinkers among the Enlightenment. He is motivated by the question what is beauty, and how certain responses to artwork reflect objectivity. Hume’s essay of 1757,â€Å"Of the Standard of Taste† elegantly describes examples of the tradition of aesthetic judgment The growth of scientific knowledge influenced a sense of general optimism among Enlightenment thinkers. This sense of optimism in result called for a more critical use of human intellect. By overturning long established dogmas, people scrutinized the very prerogatives of reason in relation to political and religious institutions.During this same time, theorists were trying to take account of all the various creative activities that were occurring such as poetry, music, dance, architecture, and sculpture etc. They generalized them into one category of â€Å"fine arts† or â€Å"beaux arts† assuming all activities were unified by the common function and purpose; pleasure. Hume devotes his aesthetic philosophy to describe and analyze art and taste within the field of criticism. clea Humes essay â€Å"Standard of Taste† is divided into four major parts. First part compares the two views of artistic values. He supports the idea of common sense what it comes to judging artwork.It seems from this philosophy that no response to artwork can be wrong because personal taste varies throughout people and therefore cannot be dismissed. Hume rejects the conclusion that beauty simply equates with the sentiment of pleasure received by the object or thing. This is because he says sentiment â€Å"exists merely in the mind† which makes no individual response more superior than another. The Second stage of Humes argument The third stage that Hume discusses in his essay (17 through 27) outlines what he believes constitutes a true judge of art and what may be required to improve ones own standard for judging art. Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice. † These specific factors in his mind would result in an individual worthy of a true judgment of at least a certain kind of artwork. In the fourth and concluding stage Hume stems from the third in the concept of who is the true standard. While seeking this specific critic of beauty one has to also take into account peculiar circumstances that may effect the experience and overall judgment of works.Circumstances can arise from unavoidable prejudices, which even the best critics cant avoid. Factors of natural differences such as age can result in generational differences, as well as cultural biases. A critics moral outlook constitutes as another circumstance that may complicate the judgment of certain kinds of works. Moderate moralism, Hume advocates as the best position to view works in because it confine circumstances where a work will be blemished by improper moral attitudes. David Hume was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 7, 1711. He was a philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist.He is regarded as one of the most important thinkers of Western philosophy and the Enlightenment. He is known especially for his philosophical empiricism or sense derived knowledge and skepticism and also for his influence on another important thinker during the Enlightenment, Emanuel Kant. Hume constantly tried to describe how the mind works in regards to knowledge and how the mind works. Experience meant a lot to Hume because he thought it served as the basis of his theory of knowledge. Hume attended the University of Edinburgh at the extraordinarily young age of 10 or 12.At first his family and him thought that a career in law was what his future may entail due to a family tradition on both sides. Yet, later he had become inspired by the different pursuits of philosophy. After a nervous breakdown and a few years to recover in 1729, he tried a job in a merchants office in 1734. He then came to a turning point in his life where he retired to France to spend the majority of his time studying and writing. During this time spent Hume produced a writing which was separated into three books called A Treatise of Human Nature.These books was the first of Hume’s attempts at a full fledged philosophical endeavor. It was certainly his most thoroughly written product of his thoughts mostly explaining his theories about mans process of thought and knowledge. During his younger years, Hume was earning enough money to gain leisure for his philosophical studies. In this time he wrote, rewrote, and added to the book, Treatise. It was in this set of three books that Hume developed his mature thought about the nature of reasoning in regards to fact and experience.The growth of scientific knowledge influenced a sense of general optimism among Enlightenment thinkers. This sense of optimism in result called for a more critical use of human intellect. By overturning long es tablished dogmas, people scrutinized the very prerogatives of reason in relation to political and religious institutions. Hume was the first philosopher of the post medieval world to reformulate the skepticism of the ancients. (Cranston) His conclusion that man is more a creature of senses and practical sentiment or taste than that of reason guided many prominent philosophers to follow.Hume’s general analysis of measuring the aesthetic experience of an object or thing is generated from a personal taste. He believes that there is no wrong evaluative response to a work of art. No reaction or opinion can be dismissed simply because it maybe disfavored by the majority. If something is beautiful to someone then this fact cannot be argued or judged upon by another. Of course, this philosophy comes with certain limitations and specifications determining who is worthy of true judgment of works according to David Hume.In Hume’s essay he outlines what people can do to improve on e’s taste and what kind of qualities must be instilled to qualify as a true judge of at least some kinds of works of art. Five qualities, Hume says, would qualify for this job. â€Å"Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice†. These conditions he believes need to be evident in order to achieve a more qualified personal taste towards a specific kind of work. Even with the best critics there can be certain complicating circumstances that can interfere with judgment.Hume believes these kinds of unavoidable prejudices come from a matter of moral outlook. Bias that comes from individual morality varies greatly and Hume thinks that this can be a huge flaw when it comes to a persons judgment of work. Hume advocates a position of moderate moralism when it comes to â€Å"the natural boundaries of vice and virtue†. This way the works being exposed to the individual judge will not be blemished by overt premonitions. When interpreting Hume’s essay about taste it is hard not to consider the possibility of contradiction because he recommends two very different standards.Hume seeks to find the true rule regarding how to measure sentiments of beauty in regards to personal taste. In doing so, the reader receives two sources of ideas from this search. The question now is whether a good critic defines good art, or good art in terms of good critics. Another aspect regarding Hume’s essay is the very idealistic vision of the most qualified judge of beauty. I find that this ideal critic couldn’t possibly exist because it is only natural for our different background of culture, morals, and religion to effect our opinions.Tastes in Hume’s context are the pleasures or displeasures that a person can take in the beauties of poems, paintings, and other artistic compositions. For Hume, taste is the capacity for one to react and conceive responses based on external stimuli. This ability to correspond external stimuli with an initial response or reaction is what we would call an â€Å"aesthetic experience†. When looking at works of art one can either accept it as pleasurable and attractive or disregard it as ugly or unpleasant. Both of these separate reactions require such experience to occur.In addition, the value judgments that occur in result indefinitely effect our value of taste. The position Hume holds in the essay is that some people who qualify as the â€Å"true† judges determine the good works of art. Hume discuss’ the receptive side of art criticism rather than the creative side that actually conceives and creates the art itself. The position Hume holds in the essay is that some people who qualify as the â€Å"true† judges determine the good works of art. For Hume, taste is the capacity for one to react and conceive responses based on external stimuli.This ability to correspond external stimuli with an init ial response or reaction is what we would call an â€Å"aesthetic experience†. When looking at works of art one can either accept it as pleasurable and attractive or disregard it as ugly or unpleasant. Both of these separate reactions require such experience to occur. In addition, the value judgments that occur in result indefinitely effect our value of taste. Hume contends that differences in aesthetic taste are too obvious and great to deny.It is the extent of these differences that indicate whether the reality of universal approval or disapproval effects an individuals taste. In almost every culture there will be a consensus or general analysis when evaluating certain works. Hume does not see a big difference between artistic and moral values. He corresponds the two as related and both a factor in the judgment of arts. Tastes are â€Å"sentiments† and opinions or â€Å"judgments†. While all sentiments coming from any individual could be considered right, only few judgments or opinions remain right.Taste is considered a sentiment and therefore subjective by all means. In relation things that exist such as beauty and deformity are also extremely subjective qualities. The sentiment therefore exist merely in the mind of the individual who contemplates them. Yet, this existence does not constitute a valid opinion or judgment based on what existing in the mind. Taste is irredeemably subjective, individual in scope, culturally and historically conditioned, therefore relativistic. It seems as if Hume is stuck between two different conclusions, relativism and objectivism. He mostly settles between the two

Friday, September 13, 2019

Implication of Extinction of Bengal Tigers Assignment

Implication of Extinction of Bengal Tigers - Assignment Example The Bengal tigers were once very common across Asia from Turkey to the west to the Eastern coast of Russia but have greatly reduced in the past 100 years and now remain in few Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Indonesia where they still face constant threat of extinction (Bhattarai & Kindlmann, 2012). Some cultures in Asia believe that powdered tiger bones have medicinal value and this has been one of the reasons for the poaching of tigers in India to get their bones. The other reasons for poaching of Bengal tigers is to get their Skin, teeth, skin, and claws which are in great demand in Asia. The tiger habitat is also at great risk due to human activities including conversion of forests into agricultural land, commercial tree logging and human settlement, which is greatly affecting the survival of tigers. Depletion of prey is also a factor contributing to the extinction of Bengal Tigers, as there are increased tiger attacks on livestock and humans resulting to into lerance of tigers from the surrounding communities in India (Borthakur, et al., 2011). The extinction of Bengal Tigers in India will, however, have strong and far-reaching consequences on biodiversity in India. This is because the disruption or elimination of one element from a fragile ecosystem causes an imbalance that not only affects the food chain but also the local communities and also other species that share the tiger habitat (Bhattarai & Kindlmann, 2012). Kindlmann, 2012). This is in agreement with what the Nobel laureate and environmentalist, Prof Wangari Mathai, once said that nature is very unforgiving and if you destroy nature, it will destroy you. The tiger being a carnivore is at the top of the food chain in all its habitats and helps to keep the population of its prey, most of which are vegetarians, such as the deer, antelopes, and wild pigs in check. If the tigers get extinct, the population of these animals will grow uncontrollably resulting into an imbalance (Chapr on et al., 2008). The increased population of these vegetarian would ravage the vegetation in the forest and this would make the place inhabitable for small animals and insects. The insects would then move to the farmland, which would greatly effect on vital food sources that human beings depend on for survival thus negatively affecting on human population. If vegetation can no longer grow in the jungle, the soil in the jungle would soon lose its fertility and eventually the jungle would lose its life to become a wilderness. The extinction of the Bengal Tigers in Indian forests will also lead to co extinction of other species in the forests. First, the tiger being on top of the food chain helps other animals such as birds and reptiles get food when it catches a prey. When a tiger has eaten its fill for instance from a prey, it abandons the rest which become food to the scavengers and other animals suc

Thursday, September 12, 2019

This paper presents the case study analysis of Charles Schwab Analysis Assignment - 1

Analysis of Charles Schwab and Zara - Assignment Example The first solution involved potentially granting customers complete access to the organization’s services, while at the same time offering a 20% discount on trades. The second solution involved granting customers an even greater discount on trades, but at the same time curtailing the services provided. The major dilemma was whether it was worth sacrificing service for price discounts. Another prominent consideration was challenged from outside organizations. A lot of discount brokerages emerged that challenged Schwab’s position as one of the preeminent stock traders. In response to these challenges, the organization was to work towards differentiating itself through innovative product design and services. The main backbone of this innovation was rooted in technology that, â€Å"to both generate productivity improvements and to develop superior customer service† (‘Charles Schwab Corporation.’ 2001, p. 3). As such, a multi-channel strategy was implemen ted. Still, the organization was faced with further questions of whether to expand deeper into Internet trading. While organizations such as E*Trade had been coming on strong, Schwab recognized that they retained significant portions of the market. These considerations factored into whether the organization should assume a lower pricing strategy per trade or if they should continue with the traditional model of business based heavily on attention to service. In the second case analysis, the company under consideration is Zara. There are a number of key issues facing this organization. Zara is recognized as the chain of stores of the main organization Inditex. One of the main issues facing Zara specifically is whether the point-of-sale (POS) terminals should be upgraded. One of the negative aspects of the current point-of-sale (POS) terminals is that they run on DOS.

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Controlling Strategic Plans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Controlling Strategic Plans - Research Paper Example The research paper "Controlling Strategic Plans" discusses why it is necessary to monitor and control strategic plans and who should be responsible for this. When the organization deviates from the set goal, monitoring and controlling activities help it bring back ‘on track’. Moreover, any lacunae in the planning process can be identified only when proper monitoring process is in place. Needless to say that the controlling activities or corrective actions are possible only through proper monitoring of the implementation of the strategic plan and the results. While developing a strategic plan is important for an organization, it is equally necessary to implement them effectively. Monitoring and controlling activities are essential parts of an implementation program of the strategic plan. Monitoring the plan periodically means ensuring that the plan is progressing ahead in the right direction to fulfill the goals that the organization has earmarked. Monitoring and controll ing exercise should be done by the top person of the organization such as Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer who is responsible for implementing the strategic plan because then it becomes possible for him or her to identify the shortfalls in the strategic plan and take remedial measures. Failing to monitor and control strategic plans will result into non-achievement of the strategic objectives. Deviations in outcomes are bound to come but that is the monitoring and controlling activities that help update the strategic plan time to time.

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education - Assignment Example Given this in perspective, one must understand that the schools need to form a very strong channel of communication with the parents and the community in order to provide quality service to the community. This will paper will give insight into how the channel of communication can be made stronger and deeper through various methods via which the schools can communicate within the community. The schools under discussion would be elementary schools so the entire discussion would revolve around these schools only. I want to address this problem because communication between schools and communities is of vital importance; the stronger the communication, the more effective the interaction between the teachers, the parents and the students. This interaction will help teachers in discussing the performance of children with their family members and will help the school over problems such as students’ absence. Education is an entire cycle which is dependent on the action and communication of students the community, the residents and the educators. Effective teaching is directly related to effective communication. Unless communication is not effective, the desired results won’t be seen within the community at large. Various studies have been conducted in this regard. According to Jeri La Bahn (1995), parents would feel delineated from their children’s schools because they would feel un welcomed at schools. A lot of times, parents would feel that education is not important. The study opined a lot of ways through which parents can be involved in schools in a constructive way. There was another study conducted by University of Illinois. According to this research, children tend to perform better when their parents are more actively involved in school. This means, that it is better when parents talk to teachers more often and are better aware of their children’s

Monday, September 9, 2019

Hiring issue in Law firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hiring issue in Law firm - Essay Example nterviewee, Blumentrath described the importance of maintaining a well-groomed appearance and carrying an outstanding, up-to-date resume in order to gain positive attention from the organizational recruiter. One key aspect that the presenter believed was important was for the interviewee to proactively identify potential questions that might be presented during the interview. This is to ensure that there are quality communications between the recruiter and the candidate so that the interviewee is able to show interest and dedication toward understanding the principles of the law firm. From the interviewer’s perspective, these elements help set the candidate apart from the rest by showing their enthusiasm and loyalty toward the business where they wish to be employed. Critically speaking, these are many commonly-understood principles associated with recruitment and the interview process that only served as an elementary reiteration of important concepts to gain competitive edge against other candidates. Blumentrath was much more candid when it came to presenting the importance of appearance and dress in this industry. For example, women were informed to ensure that they did not have too much of their cleavage showing from a choice of low-cut dress. What she referred to as the dip test consisted of a self-test involving the ability to touch the collarbone with the tip of the thumb while laying the hand on the chest to make a certain shape. If the test passes, then the dress is considered appropriate for this environment. She also used humorous statements about keeping an extra pair of pantyhose at the desk and a less revealing cardigan in the drawer when dealing with more conservative clients. This dress discussion reinforced the importance of image in this industry and how to take action to ensure that there is always a strategy for working with diverse clients. This was an excellent eye-opener regarding how appearance will be considered by others, such as

Early years in the uk context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Early years in the uk context - Essay Example The development and learning requirements only apply in England, but the welfare requirements are applicable to the entire United Kingdom schools (Department for Education, 2012). All the childcare providers, nurseries, child-minders, pre-school, and kindergartens are obliged to be registered through the Childcare Act so as to legally operate. To remain registered, they have to comply with the Learning and Development (in England), and Welfare requirements (for the entire U.K) except where exempted (Department for Education, 2013). Learning and development (L&D) are requirements with a legal force given by the 2012 Early Years Foundation Stage (Learning and Development Requirements) amendment order, under Section 39(1)(a) of the 2006 Childcare Act. The Welfare and Safeguarding requirements got their legal force from the 2012 Early Years Foundation Stage (Welfare Requirements) Regulations, under Section 39(1)(b) of the 2006 Childcare Act. The 2006 Childcare Act allows the Secretary of State to give exemptions from the development and learning framework under certain circumstances, under Section 46 (Department for Education, 2012). Early childhood education and care for young emerged in England during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The first U.K nursery school was established by Robert Owen in 1816 at New Lanark, Scotland for mill workers’ children. ... In the process, he strived to create the future citizen via a process of physical activities and informal teaching. Even though, his ideas were way ahead of time, this example established significant interest in the area of early childhood education. This followed the founding of infant schools across the United Kingdom (Kwon, 2002). The Education Act was passed in 1870, establishing compulsory elementary schooling for any child from 5 years of age. Elementary education was made compulsory for children between 5 and 13years of age in 1880 (The Scottish Government, 2011). In the absence of schools or institutions specialized for the younger children, the elementary ones were made to admit children below the age of five so as to protect them from the unhealthy and poor physical conditions in slums and the dangerous streets (TES Magazine, 2012). Five female inspectors from the Education Board investigated the admission of infants in U.K elementary schools and their instructing curriculu m in 1905. They reported the inappropriateness and recommended that all the children below five years should have separate facilities with a different approach of teaching from the older children (The Scottish Government, 2011). They criticized rote memorization and the monotonous emphasis on repetition in the curriculum for elementary schools. As a result of this report, all children under the age of five were excluded from the elementary schools, officially (Kwon, 2002). By the mid 20th century, the family size had declined with the closure of day nurseries reducing the opportunities for children to interact and play with each other. Playgroups were, therefore, included as a new preschool provision. In 1972, Secretary of State for Education, Margaret Thatcher, presented an education

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Unknown lab report flow chart and conclusion based on my results Essay

Unknown lab report flow chart and conclusion based on my results provided - Essay Example A third test also gave a positive result, so it was concluded that the first test gave a false negative result. This was determined since the negative result was inconsistent with the rest of the test results (not consistent with the other data from the Enterotube tests. The only Genus that is Catalase positive is the Genus Corynebacterium. The Voges-Proskauer test was used to narrow down potential species within the Bacillus Genus. The VP test was negative and was repeated twice in order to be certain of its accuracy and reliability. According to Bailey & Scotts "Diagnostic Microbiology" manual, B. stearothermophilus only grows at above 65 degree C. and our incubation growth temperature was at 37 degree C, so that microbe can be eliminated from consideration. The Citrate test was negative on three trials, which eliminates Lactobacillusand leaves only Corynebacterium. Starch hydrolysis carried out proved positive therebyeliminating Corynebacterium kutsceri and leaving us with Corynebacterium xerosis. Consequently the identity of unknown microorganism is Corynebacterium

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Training Incentives Essay Example for Free

Training Incentives Essay Training incentives helps employers meet the cost of training their staff. The funding helps to ensure that there is continued supply of qualified people. The employers use training incentives to assist employees who have no formal qualifications. Managers and supervisors are also trained in order to develop management and supervision skills. Trainees can be of any age and on any pay scale and training can be done during work hours or outside business hours. (Tuscon, 1994 pp32) Different Training Styles Self motivated style – training is thought of in terms of the practical results, the trainer likes direct results from training. He is assertive whereby he does not hesitate to express his views and disapproval when the training session is going on. The participants who are being trained are attentive and avoid embarrassing the trainer who is in control of the training. Informal and expressive style – the trainees make contribution to the session freely and openly express themselves in a personal and friendly way. They ensure the training session is informal and open to everyone. The trainer tries to avoid discussions that are unnecessary and are tactful in the way they direct communicators to the materials that are supposed to be used for training. (Brooks, 1999 pp13-15). Analytical style – here the trainer is dealing with interpreters whose main concern accuracy and detail. They do not accept information that is not backed by facts. The trainer will command subject matter to be used for him to retain credibility when dealing with individuals of this type. Readiness of different people to accept the information given to them will depend on the way that information is presented to them. Some people do not understand easily unless there are clear facts presented. In providing effective training the trainer should know how to help the audience accept the information given to them. There are also contemplators who always think about new ideas and concepts. They seek time to consider them and their special effects. The trainer will need to know the suitable pace for delivering the course material to ensure that they are able to understand what is being taught with ease. If they require more time for them to understand the concepts the trainer should be patient enough. (Eisman, 1995 pp32-35). What Works For Particular Employees When there are new employees in any organization, a worker mentor assist them to learn the job. Once the new employee is familiar with the job and can do it well without assistance, he can be left to continue working on his own. This is very important because, even if the new employee has qualified for the job, there is need for him to get experienced with new work environment. The supervisor monitors work performance to ensure that all the assigned duties are done well. A co-worker can help new worker get to know how to socialize with other workers and help him to make use of orientation training for him to make practical use of what he was taught during orientation. If there is any issue that was not understood during orientation, a co-worker can assist in answering any question that might arise. Employee assistant program assist particular employees to improve his job performance, get familiar to the work environment and make use of employment policies and adapt to changes on how some jobs are supposed to be performed in order for employees to do the job successfully. (Janak, 1997 pp345-349). Environmental support which includes physical structures and surrounding objects make the job site to be accessible for current and future employees. For example, automatic door openers that assists employees to move from one department to another. Procedural support activities help employees perform jobs and related job functions. Flexible time allows employees work within hours that are conducive to their personal lives. (Clement, 1995 pp53-58). Different Job Functions If essential functions require employees to have physical abilities or communication abilities for example frequent contact with people, this requires verbal communication for information to be conveyed or writing. If duties are performed in various locations, frequent travel is required and a driving license. Job descriptions contain statement that, jobs other than the ones enumerated can be assigned to employees which should be reasonably related to the assigned position. Duties and responsibilities should outline basic components of activities to be performed, scope of the assigned responsibility and level of authority and who is responsible. Each task should have a process that shows what methods are used, procedure followed when performing the task and the tools to be used. It should show how often the task should be performed. The expected outcome should be indicated which shows the acceptable quality of work. (Reynolds, 1997 pp40-45). Essential functions are the fundamental duties employees must be able to perform. Job function is considered essential when there is a position for that function to be performed, the number of employees is limited for distribution of the job function and the function is highly specialized and requires experts to perform it. Employee Training Retention And Feedback Employee training retention helps reduce the staff turnover rates which waste a lot of time, very costly and affects the success of business in the long run. The key component of retaining superior employees is to allow them to express themselves freely and give out ideas and opinions. Chief executive officers should be good listeners and collect feedback from employees. Supervisors should recognize employees’ problems and deal with them in an appropriate manner. (Peterson, 1999 pp15-17). Managing turnover maintains quality of work performed by experienced employees. Training expert who have track record should cause cultural change, improve organization productivity and be trusted by employees and management. Strategic plan should be implemented on how to conduct pre and post training survey and make follow up in order to ensure employee are productive. Talent management strategy sustains the organization and an action plan guarantees the continuity of the organization in future. Effective feedback survey design should be delivered with extensive resources and impressive reporting capabilities. Human resource department should fully staff in order to solve issues of human relations and offer standardized training. In order to assess staff climate, satisfaction survey should be done annually. New starter feedback should be done after four weeks to know employees perception on the effectiveness of recruitment and the process of induction and know the ideas they have for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recruitment process feedback should be done immediately after recruitment is over and send short post placement survey to the manager responsible for hiring within one week after appointment. Analysis for training need should be done to know the training opportunities that the staff need. Post training feedback helps to know how staff valued training sessions. This can also be done by testing the staff knowledge in certain subject after the training session is over by giving them a short post training quiz. (Phillips, 1996 pp45-47) Best Practices   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employer should ensure the work place is safe for all employees so that they can be able to apply their knowledge to improve the quality of work performed in the organization. Financial rewards should be given to employees based on their performance for them to be motivated to continue working hard. Performance standards should be set for all employees without favor or discrimination. Employees should be able and willing to employ all what brings best results. (Tuscon, 1994 pp30-31) Challenges   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Competition from other firms in the same line of business and labor shortages make employees work for long hours and harder and have more responsibilities. Modern training need is also demanded in order to reflect the changes in lifestyle. Organizations do not afford use of classrooms for training because; it involves traveling and lodging expenses. Productivity is reduced and revenue is low due to time spent while traveling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organization needs to improve performance of employees and retain them, this call for an organization to offer ongoing education and training in order to benefit from a work force that has better skills and have increased rate of employee retention. In order to keep training updated, knowledge and skills should be provided by managers rapidly. this requires organization to add more organization training mix. (Arkin, 1995 pp36). REFERENCES: Tuscon M. (1994): outdoor training for employee effectiveness: London Institute of Personnel Management, pp 30-32. Eisman R. (1995): incentives excellent adventure: Incentive, pp32-35. Clement C. (1995): The Ins and Outs of experimental training: Training and development, pp53-56. Arkin A. (1995). Breathing fresh air into training: people management, pp35-36. Alder A. (1995): Changing outdoor vision: Management training, pp21-23. Phillips J. (1996): the search for best practices, training and development: ROI, pp45-47. Peterson B. (1999): measuring impact of learning and performance. The Franklin, pp15-17. Reynolds M. (1997): management learning: London Sage, pp40-45. Janak E. (1997): A meta analysis of the relationship among training criteria; personnel psychology; pp345-349. Brooks H. (1999): Designing and facilitating experimental learning: thousand oak, pp 13-15.